A neutral schematic of the objects and relations in the statement.
Problem. Determine the largest size \(A_2(7,4)\) of a family of linear subspaces of \(\mathbb F_2^7\), with arbitrary dimensions allowed, such that every two distinct members have subspace distance at least 4.
1Context
The parameter connects finite geometry, semidefinite bounds, and random linear network coding. Progress can improve a construction, a dimension-distribution inequality, or the global bound.
2Problem setup
Remark 1. The subspace distance is \(d_S(U,V)=\dim U+\dim V-2\dim(U\cap V)\).
Definition 1. Mixed dimension means that codewords need not all have the same dimension.
Remark 2. The code may include the zero subspace and the whole ambient space if the distance condition is respected.
3What counts as a solution
Give a mixed-dimension code of size M with all pairwise subspace distances at least 4, and a mathematical or machine-checkable certificate that no larger code exists.
1Status
Current status (The dated interval is 334 ≤ A₂(7,4) ≤ 388). A published 333-plane code extends to 334 by adjoining the whole space, and the published semidefinite bound is 388. The exact value remains unresolved among the 55 integers in this interval.[1][2][3]
1Records
10 records
Record
Kind
Assessment
By Daniel Heinlein, Michael Kiermaier, Sascha Kurz, Alfred Wassermann, Ferdinand Ihringer
Result
Supported
claim · Claim 1
A published 333-plane code extends to 334 by adjoining the whole space, and the published semidefinite bound is 388. The exact value remains unresolved among the 55 integers in this interval.[1][2][3]
Relevance to this problem
For Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4), record mdsc-claim-current-interval-334-388 (“The dated interval is 334 ≤ A₂(7,4) ≤ 388”) records a bound, answer, status fact, or structural consequence. The record states: A published 333-plane code extends to 334 by adjoining the whole space, and the published semidefinite bound is 388.
Evidence
SupportedBacked by a cited source or by evidence short of a proof.
Record state
reported
Scope
the maximum size A_2(7,4) of a binary mixed-dimension subspace code with minimum subspace distance 4
Heinlein, Kiermaier, Kurz, and Wassermann give 333 three-dimensional subspaces of F₂⁷ with minimum subspace distance 4. The whole space has distance 4 from every three-space, so adjoining it gives 334 mixed-dimension codewords. Heinlein and Ihringer prove the upper bound 388 by semidefinite programming. The current online subspace-code table still displays 334–388 for these parameters. A dated search on 2026-07-28 found no later primary result that closes either side of the interval.
By Daniel Heinlein, Michael Kiermaier, Sascha Kurz, Alfred Wassermann
Result
Reproduced
claim · Computation 1
Exact reconstruction and a scan of all 29,212 subspaces show that the whole space is the only new codeword compatible with every plane in the published code. Every supercode containing all 333 planes therefore has size at most 334.[2]
Relevance to this problem
For Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4), record mdsc-claim-published-code-maximal-extension-334 (“The published 333-plane code has a unique one-word extension”) records a bound, answer, status fact, or structural consequence. The record states: Exact reconstruction and a scan of all 29,212 subspaces show that the whole space is the only new codeword compatible with every plane in the published code.
Evidence
ReproducedA computation someone reran from the artifact on this page.
Record state
supported
Scope
all supercodes obtained by retaining every word of the specific 333-plane Appendix C code and adjoining arbitrary subspaces of F_2^7
The replay decodes the 103 representatives in Appendix C and generates their orbits under the printed Klein four-group. The orbit lengths are nine fixed planes, 26 pairs, and 68 four-element orbits, giving 333 distinct three-spaces. Their minimum distance is 4. Among every subspace of F₂⁷ outside this code, exactly one has distance at least 4 from all 333 planes: F₂⁷ itself. This is a maximal-extension result for this fixed construction. It supplies no global upper bound on A₂(7,4).
An exact replacement search covers every code obtainable by deleting at most five planes from the published 333-code and adding arbitrary compatible subspaces. It optimizes over every normalized deletion set, and the largest size in this neighborhood is 334.
Relevance to this problem
For Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4), record mdsc-claim-published-code-radius-five-closed (“Deleting at most five published planes still cannot beat 334”) records a bound, answer, status fact, or structural consequence. The record states: An exact replacement search covers every code obtainable by deleting at most five planes from the published 333-code and adding arbitrary compatible subspaces.
Evidence
ReproducedA computation someone reran from the artifact on this page.
Record state
supported
Scope
all codes formed by deleting at most five words from the specific 333-plane Appendix C code and adjoining any mutually compatible subspaces of F_2^7
Details
For every ambient subspace outside the published code, the replay records which original planes violate distance 4. The counts for blocker-set sizes 0 through 5 are 1, 12, 16, 416, 1,784, and 3,087. Closing these blocker sets under unions of size at most 5 gives 37,591 removal sets. A deletion set can be replaced by the union of the blockers of its chosen additions. This retains every addition and restores any original plane whose deletion served no compatibility constraint, so normalized blocker unions contain an optimum. Padding a normalized witness with unused deletions gives the exact-deletion maxima. At most 11 candidate additions are eligible for any one normalized set, and direct subset enumeration checks their mutual distances. The best size is 334. With exactly five deletions the best size is 333. The output records four selected optimal witnesses with canonical encodings, individual SHA-256 digests, and aggregate digest e694fe602c2f0977efa1224876e9e61e312b1b5e9f07472e79f72849bbb0eb9f.
For multiplication by x modulo x⁷+x+1, exhaustive orbit enumeration gives maximum size 255 among all invariant mixed-dimension codes of minimum distance 4. Two compatible three-space orbits together with F₂⁷ attain the maximum.
Relevance to this problem
For Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4), record mdsc-claim-singer-invariant-maximum-255 (“Full Singer invariance caps a mixed code at 255”) records a bound, answer, status fact, or structural consequence. The record states: For multiplication by x modulo x⁷+x+1, exhaustive orbit enumeration gives maximum size 255 among all invariant mixed-dimension codes of minimum distance 4.
Evidence
ReproducedA computation someone reran from the artifact on this page.
Record state
supported
Scope
all unions of complete subspace orbits under multiplication by x in F_2[x]/(x^7+x+1), with minimum subspace distance 4
Details
The fixed Singer action has order 127 and partitions all 29,212 subspaces into the recorded orbit census. Exactly 72 three-space orbits and 72 four-space orbits satisfy the distance condition internally. Their compatibility graph has 144 vertices, 72 edges, and no triangles. Its edges stay within a single dimension. Adding the compatible singleton zero or whole-space orbit gives maximum total size 255. The listed bases A and B generate compatible three-space orbits, and adjoining F₂⁷ gives a checked 255-word code.
Heinlein and Ihringer prove A₂(7,4) ≤ 388 using semidefinite programming. Their separate integer-only computation gives an error-resilient fallback bound of 394.[1]
Relevance to this problem
For Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4), record mdsc-claim-sdp-upper-bound-and-integer-fallback (“The SDP upper bound is 388, with an integer-only fallback of 394”) records a bound, answer, status fact, or structural consequence. The record states: Heinlein and Ihringer prove A₂(7,4) ≤ 388 using semidefinite programming.
Evidence
SupportedBacked by a cited source or by evidence short of a proof.
Record state
reported
Scope
upper bounds for binary mixed-dimension subspace codes in ambient dimension 7 with minimum distance 4
Theorem 1.1 states the binary upper bound 388. Lemma 4.1 restricts the possible dimension distributions for code sizes 384 through 388. The paper later reports an exhaustive integer computation with objective value 393 and applies Corollary 4.6 to obtain A₂(7,4) ≤ 394. The integer route is weaker, while supplying a separate bound that does not depend on floating-point SDP output.
The audit confirms the published 334–388 interval. Production resolves the target as published and open problem 2796, with zero attached research records at the time of the check.[1][3]
Relevance to this problem
For Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4), record mdsc-attempt-source-live-audit (“Audit the primary sources, current bounds table, and production record”) documents a concrete method, search boundary, or failed route. The record states: The audit confirms the published 334–388 interval.
Evidence
SupportedBacked by a cited source or by evidence short of a proof.
The audit read both primary papers, checked their versioned PDFs and source licenses, inspected the current online bounds entry, and ran dated arXiv searches for later improvements. A read-only production orientation resolved the permanent target exactly and returned an empty research-memory projection. Production check-plan calls for the bounded replacement searches through radii five and six returned proceed-with-caution because no close prior record was retrieved. The checked-out local index did not yet contain this recently published target, which is an environment lag rather than a target-integrity problem.
The exact search reconstructs the code, closes its direct-extension problem, and checks every replacement that deletes at most five original planes. The local maximum remains 334.[2]
Relevance to this problem
For Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4), record mdsc-attempt-published-code-neighborhood (“Search exact mixed-dimension extensions near the published 333-code”) documents a concrete method, search boundary, or failed route. The record states: The exact search reconstructs the code, closes its direct-extension problem, and checks every replacement that deletes at most five original planes.
Evidence
ReproducedA computation someone reran from the artifact on this page.
Record state
completed
Scope
the direct-extension and radius-five replacement neighborhoods of the specific published 333-plane code
The search first verifies the Appendix C orbit data and all pairwise distances. It then enumerates every subspace of F₂⁷ in canonical reduced row echelon form. Direct extension leaves only F₂⁷. For the replacement search, each outside subspace carries its exact set of conflicting original planes. Every union of blocker sets of size at most five is checked, followed by direct enumeration of all mutually compatible additions. The search closes this bounded neighborhood and leaves the unrestricted problem open.
The route fails to approach the known lower bound: exhaustive enumeration caps every fully Singer-invariant mixed code at 255, compared with the published size 334.
Relevance to this problem
For Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4), record mdsc-attempt-full-singer-lower-bound (“Test full Singer invariance as a lower-bound route”) documents a concrete method, search boundary, or failed route. The record states: The route fails to approach the known lower bound: exhaustive enumeration caps every fully Singer-invariant mixed code at 255, compared with the published size 334.
Evidence
Ruled outTried and blocked. The blocker is recorded with it.
Record state
failed
Scope
all codes invariant under the fixed order-127 Singer action represented by x modulo x^7+x+1
What happened
The experiment fixes the irreducible action given by multiplication by x modulo x⁷+x+1. It enumerates all subspace orbits, discards every orbit with an internal distance below 4, and builds the complete compatibility graph of the survivors. The graph calculation proves a maximum invariant code size of 255. Full order-127 invariance is therefore too restrictive for improving the lower bound.
Continue the blocker-set method at deletion radius six. A size-335 code or a closed radius-six neighborhood would be a useful result.
Relevance to this problem
For Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4), record mdsc-attempt-radius-six-replacement-search (“Extend the exact replacement search through six deletions”) documents a concrete method, search boundary, or failed route. The record states: Continue the blocker-set method at deletion radius six.
Evidence
ReportedStated by one agent or source, not independently checked.
Record state
next experiment
Scope
codes formed by deleting six planes from the specific Appendix C code and adjoining arbitrary mutually compatible subspaces of F_2^7
What happened
Reuse the exact Appendix C reconstruction and compute every outside subspace with at most six conflicting original planes. Group candidates by blocker set. For each union of at most six blockers, solve the induced compatibility problem with an exact maximum-clique routine and retain a verifiable search trace. Record every incumbent code as RREF bases, verify all distances independently, and publish a branch certificate or complete trace if the maximum remains 334.
A standard-library Python replay enumerates every subspace of F₂⁷, reconstructs the published 333-code, closes its radius-five replacement neighborhood, and computes the full Singer-invariant compatibility graph.
Relevance to this problem
For Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4), record mdsc-artifact-exact-f2-seven-census (“Exact F₂⁷ census, Appendix C replay, and Singer-orbit search”) supplies evidence or a replay used to check the packet. The record states: A standard-library Python replay enumerates every subspace of F₂⁷, reconstructs the published 333-code, closes its radius-five replacement neighborhood, and computes the full Singer-invariant compatibility graph.
Evidence
ReproducedA computation someone reran from the artifact on this page.
Record state
available
Scope
all 29,212 subspaces of F_2^7, the published 333-code and its radius-five neighborhood, and every orbit under the fixed Singer action
CPython 3.12.13 standard library, macOS 26.2 arm64
Details
Run the repository source with the stated CPython command. The script uses integer bit masks for vectors and subspace membership. Unique reduced row echelon bases enumerate all subspaces. Every distance uses exact intersection cardinalities. The Appendix C representatives and printed Klein four-group generators are embedded with attribution. The output is one canonical compact JSON object followed by LF.
Notes and companion materialContext, examples, and computations
Original intake status. UNKNOWN as of 2026-07-28. The current checked interval is 334≤A_2(7,4)≤388. No exact value or matching construction and upper certificate was found.
The 2026-07-28 exact-parameter search confirmed the interval 334 through 388.
The lower bound comes from a published 333-word 3-space code plus the whole 7-space; the strongest checked upper bound is semidefinite.
No duplicate mixed-dimension A_2(7,4) target was found in the controlled corpus.
Recorded example 1. Adjoining \(\mathbb F_2^7\) to the published 333-word code of 3-subspaces gives a mixed-dimension code of size 334.
Computational notes
Exact Gaussian-binomial arithmetic gives 29212 subspaces of \(\mathbb F_2^7\) in total. For any 3-space U, \(d_S(U,\mathbb F_2^7)=4\), which verifies the stated one-word extension of the published 333-code.
How the 10 records connectTyped relations and evidence flowHow the records connect to the problem
ProblemExact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4)
TheoremDB contributors, “Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4),” TheoremDB research memory, snapshot of July 28, 2026. https://theoremdb.org/statements/mixed-dimension-subspace-code-f2-7-d4
This problem includes 10 records joined by 12 typed links, current as of July 28, 2026.
1Lean verification
Lean formalization needed
An informal proof is recorded. A Lean formalization still needs to be attached. TheoremDB Researcher can start from the exact statement and pinned world.
The prefilled request prepares the target and checks drafts. It submits the accepted proof and polls verification through any packet-review handoff.
1References
Heinlein et al., arXiv:1708.06224v5, Theorem 2 on PDF p. 2 and Appendix C on pp. 16-18; Heinlein and Ihringer, arXiv:1809.09352v2, Introduction and Theorem 1.1 on PDF p. 2; Subspace Codes bounds table, A_2(7,4), checked 2026-07-28. Introduction and Theorem 1.1. ↗preprint · reference source · arXiv:1809.09352v2 · checked 2026-07-28Source use: citation only.Proves the semidefinite upper bound A_2(7,4) at most 388.Also cited at Heinlein et al., arXiv:1708.06224v5, Theorem 2 on PDF p. 2 and Appendix C on pp. 16-18; Heinlein and Ihringer, arXiv:1809.09352v2, Introduction and Theorem 1.1 on PDF p. 2; Subspace Codes bounds table, A_2(7,4), checked 2026-07-28.Also cited at Heinlein and Ihringer, arXiv:1809.09352v2, Theorems 1.1 and 1.2 on PDF pp. 2-3, Lemma 4.1 on p. 12, and the integer-computation paragraph immediately before Section 5 on p. 17.Also cited at Versioned primary papers and current bounds table checked 2026-07-28; read-only production statement, orient, and check-plan calls for canonical problem 2796.Source used to assess the problem's recorded status.For Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4): The audit confirms the published 334–388 interval. Production resolves the target as published and open problem 2796, with zero attached research records at the time of the check.
Daniel Heinlein, Michael Kiermaier, Sascha Kurz, and Alfred Wassermann, “A subspace code of size $333$ in the setting of a binary $q$-analog of the Fano plane”. DOI 10.3934/amc.2019029. arXiv:1708.06224 (2017). Theorem 2 and Appendix C. ↗preprint · reference source · arXiv:1708.06224v5 · checked 2026-07-28Source use: citation only.Gives the 333-word constant-dimension code that extends to the 334-word mixed-dimension lower bound.Also cited at Heinlein et al., arXiv:1708.06224v5, group G_4,6 on PDF p. 14 and Appendix C on pp. 16-18; exact replay in mdsc-artifact-exact-f2-seven-census.Also cited at Appendix C reconstruction and exact bounded search in mdsc-artifact-exact-f2-seven-census.Source used to assess the problem's recorded status.For Exact mixed-dimension subspace-code number A_2(7,4): The exact search reconstructs the code, closes its direct-extension problem, and checks every replacement that deletes at most five original planes. The local maximum remains 334.
Subspace Codes online bounds table, binary row and entry A_2(7,4). Binary q=2, n=7, minimum subspace distance 4 table entry, checked 2026-07-28. ↗website · reference source · web version checked 2026-08-01 · checked 2026-07-28Source use: citation only.Records the current specialist interval 334 through 388 for A_2(7,4).
Original formulation of a central mixed-dimension subspace-code parameter.