TheoremDB
R168artifactStatus: availableEvidence: ReproducedReplay: partialexhaustive over its scope

[#R168] Independent exact Laplacian-cofactor check

View replayOpen source ↗

1Summary

Fraction-free Bareiss elimination of a 100 by 100 Laplacian minor reproduces the 97-digit maximum.

The replay constructs the integer Laplacian directly from the canonical step set and deletes vertex 100. Fraction-free Bareiss elimination evaluates its determinant with exact integer divisions. Kirchhoff's cofactor form identifies that determinant with the number of spanning trees.

The result agrees with the modular spectral sweep and factors as \[ 101\left(163751635943365250046066837250008630123794408131\right)^2. \] This also checks the square form proved for odd-order even-valent circulants by Mednykh and Mednykh. The stable three-line output has SHA-256 digest `dd6f3e4bc02afe261c198c4dcc49c150ed73a167c829c227dd9b320898eb7385`.

Reproduced evidence. Recorded scope: the attaining graph with step set {1,15,18,22,27} on Z/101Z.

2Reproduce

Replay: partial

Part of the replay path is recorded. Check the missing fields before comparing a new run.

Entry point
join source_lines with newline and run with python3
Runtime
CPython 3.9 or later, standard library only

Verification source: arxiv.org ↗, Kirchhoff cofactor replay and Mednykh and Mednykh, Theorem 3

Missing for a complete replay: command, expected output.

3Source code

View source code
Source code
from math import isqrt

N = 101
S = {1, 15, 18, 22, 27}
EXPECTED = int(
    "270827442568697143852364601807379791817528620294437321737994869209221515"
    "0697249050994964490229261"
)

minor = []
for i in range(N - 1):
    row = []
    for j in range(N - 1):
        distance = min((i - j) % N, (j - i) % N)
        row.append(10 if i == j else (-1 if distance in S else 0))
    minor.append(row)

previous = 1
sign = 1
for k in range(N - 2):
    if minor[k][k] == 0:
        pivot_row = next(i for i in range(k + 1, N - 1) if minor[i][k])
        minor[k], minor[pivot_row] = minor[pivot_row], minor[k]
        sign = -sign
    pivot = minor[k][k]
    for i in range(k + 1, N - 1):
        left = minor[i][k]
        for j in range(k + 1, N - 1):
            minor[i][j] = (
                minor[i][j] * pivot - left * minor[k][j]
            ) // previous
        minor[i][k] = 0
    previous = pivot

determinant = sign * minor[-1][-1]
assert determinant == EXPECTED
square_root = isqrt(determinant // N)
assert determinant == N * square_root * square_root
print(f"laplacian_minor_order={N - 1}")
print(f"determinant={determinant}")
print(f"factorization=101*{square_root}^2")

4What it produced

Expected stdout
laplacian_minor_order=100 determinant=2708274425686971438523646018073797918175286202944373217379948692092215150697249050994964490229261 factorization=101*163751635943365250046066837250008630123794408131^2
Expected stdout sha256
dd6f3e4bc02afe261c198c4dcc49c150ed73a167c829c227dd9b320898eb7385
Cofactor order
100
Square factor
163751635943365250046066837250008630123794408131

Execution

date2026-07-25arithmeticexact fraction-free integer elimination

5How it connects

Independently verifies

Recorded for

6Agent packet

A compact handoff with the evidence boundary, replay manifest, and relation pointers.

View structured packet
json
{
  "schema": "theoremdb-agent-record-v1",
  "ref": "R168",
  "content_hash": null,
  "slug": "cst101-artifact-bareiss-cofactor",
  "type": "artifact",
  "title": "Independent exact Laplacian-cofactor check",
  "summary": "Fraction-free Bareiss elimination of a 100 by 100 Laplacian minor reproduces the 97-digit maximum.",
  "relevance": "For Most spanning trees in a 10-regular circulant on 101 vertices, record cst101-artifact-bareiss-cofactor (“Independent exact Laplacian-cofactor check”) supplies evidence or a replay used to check the packet. The record states: Fraction-free Bareiss elimination of a 100 by 100 Laplacian minor reproduces the 97-digit maximum.",
  "relevance_source": "recorded",
  "body": "The replay constructs the integer Laplacian directly from the canonical step set and deletes vertex 100. Fraction-free Bareiss elimination evaluates its determinant with exact integer divisions. Kirchhoff's cofactor form identifies that determinant with the number of spanning trees.\n\nThe result agrees with the modular spectral sweep and factors as\n\\[\n101\\left(163751635943365250046066837250008630123794408131\\right)^2.\n\\]\nThis also checks the square form proved for odd-order even-valent circulants by Mednykh and Mednykh. The stable three-line output has SHA-256 digest `dd6f3e4bc02afe261c198c4dcc49c150ed73a167c829c227dd9b320898eb7385`.",
  "status": "available",
  "evidence_grade": "executable",
  "scope": {
    "kind": "bounded",
    "statement": "the attaining graph with step set {1,15,18,22,27} on Z/101Z",
    "bounds": {
      "vertices": {
        "min": 101,
        "max": 101
      },
      "laplacian_minor_order": {
        "min": 100,
        "max": 100
      }
    },
    "exhaustive": true
  },
  "reproduction": {
    "schema": "theoremdb-reproduction-v1",
    "readiness": "partial",
    "kind": "inline_python_exact_computation",
    "entrypoint": "join source_lines with newline and run with python3",
    "runtime": "CPython 3.9 or later, standard library only",
    "citation": {
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.00175",
      "locator": "Kirchhoff cofactor replay and Mednykh and Mednykh, Theorem 3"
    },
    "inline_source": [
      "from math import isqrt",
      "",
      "N = 101",
      "S = {1, 15, 18, 22, 27}",
      "EXPECTED = int(",
      "    \"270827442568697143852364601807379791817528620294437321737994869209221515\"",
      "    \"0697249050994964490229261\"",
      ")",
      "",
      "minor = []",
      "for i in range(N - 1):",
      "    row = []",
      "    for j in range(N - 1):",
      "        distance = min((i - j) % N, (j - i) % N)",
      "        row.append(10 if i == j else (-1 if distance in S else 0))",
      "    minor.append(row)",
      "",
      "previous = 1",
      "sign = 1",
      "for k in range(N - 2):",
      "    if minor[k][k] == 0:",
      "        pivot_row = next(i for i in range(k + 1, N - 1) if minor[i][k])",
      "        minor[k], minor[pivot_row] = minor[pivot_row], minor[k]",
      "        sign = -sign",
      "    pivot = minor[k][k]",
      "    for i in range(k + 1, N - 1):",
      "        left = minor[i][k]",
      "        for j in range(k + 1, N - 1):",
      "            minor[i][j] = (",
      "                minor[i][j] * pivot - left * minor[k][j]",
      "            ) // previous",
      "        minor[i][k] = 0",
      "    previous = pivot",
      "",
      "determinant = sign * minor[-1][-1]",
      "assert determinant == EXPECTED",
      "square_root = isqrt(determinant // N)",
      "assert determinant == N * square_root * square_root",
      "print(f\"laplacian_minor_order={N - 1}\")",
      "print(f\"determinant={determinant}\")",
      "print(f\"factorization=101*{square_root}^2\")"
    ],
    "missing": [
      "command",
      "expected_output"
    ]
  },
  "formal_statement": null,
  "source": {
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.00175",
    "locator": "Kirchhoff cofactor replay and Mednykh and Mednykh, Theorem 3"
  },
  "relations": [
    {
      "slug": "R171",
      "title": "The exact maximum has 97 digits",
      "object_type": "claim",
      "relation": "independently_verifies",
      "direction": "outgoing"
    },
    {
      "slug": "circulant-spanning-trees-101-degree10",
      "title": "circulant spanning trees 101 degree10",
      "object_type": "problem",
      "relation": "recorded_for",
      "direction": "outgoing"
    }
  ]
}

7Provenance

View source, identifiers, and projection details
Project
circulant-spanning-trees-101-degree10
Locator
Kirchhoff cofactor replay and Mednykh and Mednykh, Theorem 3
License
CC0-1.0
Contributors
TheoremDB entry research, 2026-07-25
Public record
R168
Stable alias
cst101-artifact-bareiss-cofactor
Projection
Reproduction fields are derived from the immutable record.

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